techniques in physical examination

techniques in physical examination

1. Inspection

Examination is conducted by looking at parts of the body being examined through observation. Adequate light is necessary for nurses to distinguish colors, shapes and body hygiene clients. Focus inspections on every part of the body include: size, color, shape, position, symmetrical. And compared the results to normal and abnormal body parts with each other body parts. Example: yellow eyes (jaundice), there is a goitre in the neck, bluish skin (cyanosis), and others.

2. Palpation

Palpation is a technique that uses the sense of touch. Hands and fingers are sensitive instruments used to collect data, eg on: temperature, turgor, shape, moisture, vibration, size.

The steps that need to be considered during palpation:

• Create a comfortable and relaxing environment.

• nurses must be in good hands warm and dry

• Fingernails must be cut short nurses.

• All parts are palpable pain at the end.

Ie, the presence of tumor, edema, crepitus (bone fracture), and others.

3. Percussion

Percussion is the examination by way of tapping certain parts of the body surface to compare with other body parts (left and right) with the goal of producing sound.

Percussion aims to identify the location, size, shape and consistency of the network. Nurses use both hands as a tool to produce sound.

As for the voices that were found on percussion are:

Resonant: percussive sound normal tissue.

Dim: percussive sound that is more dense network, for example in the area of ​​the lungs in pneumonia. Deaf: a dense network of percussion sounds like the percussion area of ​​the heart, liver percussion area.

Hipersonor / timpani: percussion sound more hollow in the empty areas, such as lung caverna area, on the client with chronic asthma.

4. Auscultation

Is a physical examination performed by listening to the sound produced by the body. Typically use a device called a stethoscope. Things that are heard are: heart sounds, breath sounds and bowel sounds.

The sound is not normal that can be auscultated in breath are:

• rales: the sound produced from the sticky exudate when the channels of smooth breathing expands on inspiration (rales fine, medium, coarse). For instance on the client pneumonia, tuberculosis.
• Ronchi: low and very rude tone sounds both during inspiration and during expiration. Ronchi characteristic is lost when the client cough. For example in pulmonary edema.
• Wheezing: the sound is audible "ngiii .... K". can be found on the phase of inspiration and
expiratory. For example in acute bronchitis, asthma.

• Pleural Friction Rub; noise that sounded "dry" sound like rubbing sandpaper on wood. For instance on the client with pleural inflammation.